This paper will be 3 or more pages, double-spaced, excluding the cover page and reference page and will have at least 2 evidence-based, peer-reviewed references. The content will be the culture either assigned or selected and will cover the culture's perspective on the death and dying experience. The culture could be a geographic region or a religion and will be an in-depth analysis of the attitudes and opinions of death and dying throughout the group you have assigned or selected.
The assignment will be done in pairs and will encompass the 7th ed of the APA manual paying particular attention to reference structure compliance and elimination of the use of contractions, paragraph structure, etc.
If you follow this link it will take you to a document that has the information but unfortunately lost the formatting in the process of copying over into the course. Anyway, if you follow this link it will lead you to a previous paper. Again please realize that the formatting was lost. Hopefully the content of the paper will give you an idea of what is the topic of this paper and realize that it can be utilized for almost any group of people. The following is the grading rubric for the assignment
Theme
The paper encompasses the idea of the paper which is the attitudes and opinions the group has about death & dying. The explanation should include historical references and the development of the death & dying concept within the group. 25 II. Organization
The paper is organized and demonstrates the theme of the paper and includes an introduction and body of the paper along with a conclusion 25 III. Overall structure
The paper is organized into paragraphs and follow the APA organization of papers which includes paragraphs that are at least three sentences and that do not encompass half a page in length 25 IV. APA
The paper as well as the reference section follow the rules of the 7th ed of APA
Cultural Comparisons Part 2Miami Dade CollegeDr. Andrew Frados October 12, 2022
In accordance with the first part of the research paper, it is established that I come from Filipino heritage and culture. Growing up in this culture, it is found that Filipinos tend to be very religious and family oriented. Following Christianity religious beliefs, Filipinos believe in God and have religion play an important part of their culture. Whether discussing daily life activities, birth practices, or end-of-life practices, Filipino customs and practices heavily revolve around family and religion, especially when discussing about the path of life and end-of-life practices. According to Standford Medicine (2010), Filipino households hold the highest percentage (27%) of grandparents caring for the grandchildren or act as surrogate parents, with 92.5% of Filipinos following a Christian belief. Like many Asian cultures, Filipinos believe in a holistic view of health, one that balances the mind, body, spirit, and environment (Stanford Medicine, 2010). Depending on where Filipino Americans originated from, depends the type of healing remedies taken. For example, the more rural Filipinos would rely on home remedies and more traditional techniques to heal ailments, compared to those from urban areas who would rely mor eon Westernized medical interventions and over-the-counter drugs. Additionally, Filipinos tend to self-diagnose and would rather self-medicate and seek other healing alternatives rather than seeing a doctor, until the sickness is more serious. Theory and belief of illnesses in the Filipino culture are believed to be caused by a disruption in the balance of the body, and can be caused by either mystical, personal, or natural causes. Mystical causes include ancestral retribution or unfinished tasks or obligations. Another spectacle known as bangungot, when the soul or spirit leaves the body and journeys, or even foretelling nightmares can result in death. Personalistic causes such as manga ga mud (witch), evil spirit, or mangkukulam (sorcerer) places a spell or curse on someone. In order to treat this, a
herbularyo (a witch doctor or priest) can ward off evil spirits with prayers, medicinal plants, holy oils, and religious items. Naturalistic causes includes excessive stress, infection, and natural weather causes (lightning and thunder). During end-of-life care, Filipinos may have difficulties when mentioning death, dying, advanced directives, and life support decisions. They may even evade and avoid the topic about death. Filipino culture dictates rules about telling the entire truth about any terminal diseases and about any prognoses, protecting the client, maintain hope, and trying to keep a good death. A concept in Filipino culture known as bahala na, which translates into what is destined or inevitable or the will of God, is something that some Filipinos may encounter during end-of-life care. For example, if a patient is sick with a life-threatening illness, they may leave it up to God to decide if they are to be healed. During a study about advanced directives in critically-ill Filipino patients, it showed that the patients and families had an overall positive attitude toward advanced directives, but completions rates of said advanced directives were only up to 10% (Standford Medicine, 2010, as cited in Mc Adam, 2005). It was hypothesized because of bahala na, making advanced directives useless. Additionally, when analyzing about hospice care and admission, Filipino American older adults would rather go back home to the Philippines and die in their homelands rather than being enrolled in hospice care (Standford Medicine, 2010, as cited in Becker, 2002). I believe that in Filipino culture, patients and clients refuse to be placed in hospice care and would rather return to their homelands to die because they are very family oriented and believe in their faith in God. The family has a vast influence on health and patient decisions in care and tend to go along with any demands of the authoritative figure in the family (pakikisama), which maintains order and group harmony. Families are one of the sources of happiness to Filipinos, so during the end-of-life stage, they tend to evade the idea that the family with eventually leave and
would rather cherish their time with them (Soriano and Calong, 2022). Also, the type of coping style and mechanism plays a role in caring for the client. Both bahala na and pakikisama play a massive role in care. When it comes to religion and faith, Soriano and Calong (2022) stated that religion and spirituality helps give social support and sense of connectedness and belonging, help decrease anxiety, loneliness, and social isolation, and even help Filipinos contemplate about the quality and meaning of life, let alone act as a coping mechanism. In Soriano and Calong’s study about religion, spirituality, and death anxiety in Filipino culture, results showed that Filipinos have an extremely high level of spirituality (the connection between one’s self and the higher being) andgood family relationship, and maintain a god quality of life. Overall, reviewing and assessing Filipino culture and their end-of-life practices helped open my eyes about how to properly care for this population and why some actions and customs are done. Additionally, this researched helped with letting me know about my familial roots and heritage. increases as they get older, due to having more mature spiritual experiences and the sense of spirituality magnifying with age. Filipinos also tend to be very religious too, which is influenced by the colonization of the Spaniards (Soriano and Calong, 2022, as cited by Soriano et al., 2019). In a study conducted by Doorenbos and colleagues (2011), Filipino perspective on end-of-life practices is based on religion, family, spirituality, and interpersonal harmony With Filipinos mainly being of Christian faith, many believe that illnesses are due to the “will of God”. The family plays a more central and significant role in the death and dying stages. Nursing interventions that need to be included when caring for this population is to include comfort, safety, prayer and religious consults, letting family and loved ones take part in providing needs, maintain a caring environment along with palliative principles of care.
References
Doorenbos, A. Z., Abaquin, C., Perrin, M. E., Eaton, L., Balabagno, A. O., Rue, T., & Ramos, R. (2011). Supporting dignified dying in the Philippines. International journal of palliative nursing, 17(3), 125–130. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2011.17.3.125Stanford Medicine. (2010). End-of-Life Preferences. Standford medicine. https://geriatrics.stanford.edu/ethnomed/filipino/delivery.htmlSoriano, & Calong, K. A. C. (2022). Religiosity, Spirituality, and Death Anxiety Among Filipino Older Adults: A Correlational Study. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 85(2), 445–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222820947315
